Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is closely related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV can cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, with symptoms ranging from mild colds to severe pneumonia.
How HMPV Spreads
HMPV spreads in a manner similar to other respiratory viruses:
- Close contact with infected individuals.
- Exposure to respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.
- Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face, particularly the nose, mouth, or eyes.
The virus is most active during late winter and spring.
Symptoms of HMPV
Symptoms typically appear 3–6 days after exposure and can vary in severity:
- Mild symptoms:
- Runny nose
- Coughing
- Sore throat
- Nasal congestion
- Headache
- Severe symptoms (more common in vulnerable groups):
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing
- Fever
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
Who is at Risk?
- Children: Particularly those under 5 years old.
- Older adults: Especially those with underlying conditions.
- Immunocompromised individuals: Such as those undergoing chemotherapy or with chronic illnesses.
Treatment for HMPV
There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Most cases resolve on their own within 2–5 days, but severe cases may require medical attention. Treatment focuses on symptom management:
- Rest and hydration.
- Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain.
- Supplemental oxygen for severe respiratory distress.
Preventing HMPV
- Wash your hands frequently.
- Use face masks in crowded places.
- Avoid contact with sick individuals.
- Disinfect commonly touched surfaces.
- Teach children good hygiene practices to reduce the spread.
Final Note
While HMPV is a common respiratory virus, it can become serious for high-risk groups. If symptoms escalate, particularly difficulty breathing or wheezing, seek medical care immediately. Prevention through hygiene and avoiding exposure remains the best defense.
